“Big Stick”: Theodore Roosevelt’s view on foreign policy that promoted the idea of a strong military. He exercised this in the construction of the Panama Canal and through his corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
Root-Takahira Agreement: A conciliatory treaty between the U.S. and Japan that maintained Japanese possessions in Asia, established mutual respect for Pacific territories, and ensured the Open Door policy for trade in China.
United Fruit Company: As a result of Dollar Diplomacy, this company owned over 160,000 acres of land in the Caribbean by 1913.
“Pancho Villa”: Led a rebel army in northern Mexico and briefly had the support of President Wilson, but was overpowered by Carranza. He then attempted to provoke war with the U.S. by staging several raids and was seen as a dangerous bandit. He eluded General Pershing and became a symbol of national resistance in Mexico.
Militarism: Using military power as the primary tool for advancing a nation’s interests and power.
Allies: Also known as the Triple Entente, its primary constituents included Britain, France, and Russia.
Preparedness: The military buildup of the United States in preparation for its entry into World War I.
Committee on Public Information: A government agency in World War I led by George Creel that sought to influence public opinion to favor the war by distributing pro-war pamphlets, newspapers, speeches, etc.
American Expeditionary Force: An organization of troops led by General Pershing that played a decisive role in the conclusion of the war. It defeated the Germans in the Meuse-Argonne offensive.
George Creel: Leader of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) who employed thousands of workers in the creation of pro-war items.
Liberty Bonds: Certificates sold to people that earned interest and served as the major method of funding the war.
Influenza Epidemic (1818-1819): A breakout that killed 550,000 Americans that was widely ignored due to the war effort. Funds were appropriated to the Public Health Service, and the Red Cross aided in the treatment.
Great Migration: The movement of over 300,000 blacks from the South to the North in search of better job opportunities, which were available due to the war.
Fourteen Points: Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace at the post-war delegation at Versailles, which included proposals for European boundaries through self-determination, principles for international conduct, and the proposal of the League of Nations. The points did not have the success Wilson desired.
Self-determination: The right of a people to form their own government without outside interference. Woodrow Wilson promoted this idea in his Fourteen Points.
Mitchell Palmer: Attorney General during the Red Scare who, using the authority of the Alien Act, deported many suspected communists and was became fairly unpopular.
Panama Canal: A passageway constructed under Theodore Roosevelt in what was formerly Colombia through American support of a revolution there.
Open Door: A policy of seeking equal trade in foreign regions, specifically in reference to China.
Victoriano Huerta: Murdered Mexican leader Francisco Madero to gain control of Mexico. He remained in power despite U.S. opposition to his rule until he was overthrown by Carranza.
Woodrow Wilson: President during World War I who sought to spread American influence, while still supporting self-determination. He proposed the League of Nations.
Imperialism: The practice of exploiting weaker nations, benefitting a more powerful nation either through military or economic presence. Wilson saw this as a policy of the past and sought to avoid it.
Central Powers: Also known as the Triple Alliance, it was comprised of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in World War I.
U-Boat: A German submarine; these played a key role in the U.S. intervention in the war by violating neutral shipping rights and sinking the Lusitania.
Selective Service Act: The law that established a military draft for World War I that called for all men between the ages of 21 and 35.
Meuse-Argon offensive: The final battle of World War I that lasted seven weeks and concluded with a victory of the American Expeditionary Force over the German army.
Herbert Hoover: Appointed by President Wilson to lead the Food Administration, where he succeeded in instituting voluntary controls on food prices that were necessary to help the war effort.
Espionage Act: Law that prohibited obstructing America’s war effort; it was used to suppress dissent and criticism, such as that of the radical labor movement.
Sedition Act: An amendment to the Espionage Act that restricted criticism of America’s involvement in the war or its government/officials.
“Big Four”: Leaders of the most powerful nations at the Versailles conference after the war: David Lloyd George (England), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy), and Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
League of Nations: An international organization created by Woodrow Wilson in the Versailles Treaty; however, the U.S. did not secure the 2/3 vote required to join it.
Irreconcilables: A group of senators that were opposed to the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles.
Red Scare: Hysteria after World War I caused by Attorney General Palmer’s deportation of suspected communists.
Roosevelt Corollary: An addition to the Monroe Doctrine that stated that the U.S. could intervene in the affairs of Latin America if necessary.
Dollar Diplomacy: The policy of Taft that America should become economically involved in areas which it desired influence.
Venustiano Carranza: The nationalist leader of an armed Mexican faction called the Constitutionalists who overthrew the Huerta regime. He held tense relations with the U.S.
John J. Pershing: Leader of the American Expeditionary Force. He also attempted and failed to capture the fleeing Carranza. He believed the object of war was the total destruction of the enemy’s military power.
Franz Ferdinand: The archduke of the Austro-Hungarian Empire who was assassinated, directly leading to the outbreak of World War I.
Lusitania: A British liner containing some American passengers that was sunk by a German U-boat, rousing popular opinion for U.S. entry into the war.
Zimmerman Note: A message from Germany to the German ambassador in Mexico that suggested that an alliance be made between Germany and Mexico should the U.S. enter the war. This message was intercepted by Americans and became a propaganda tool for entry into the war.
Dough Boys: Soldiers who joined the war for economic reasons.
War Industrial Board: The federal agency that regulated industrial production for optimum efficiency for the war effort.
Food Administration: Led by Herbert Hoover, this federal agency to regulate the production and distribution of fuel to help the war effort.
Women in Industry Service: An organization formed by the Labor Department that advised employers about female labor and came up with general standards for the treatment of female workers. They had no legal force, but were accepted as goals.
Schenck v. United States: A Supreme Court case upholding the constitutionality of the Sedition and Espionage Acts. It convicted Charles Schenck for mailing pamphlets urging people to resist conscription.
Treaty of Versailles: The treaty that ended World War I and created the League of Nations.
Article X: The core idea of the League of Nations: the idea of collective security as the method for keeping the peace.
Bolsheviks: Members of the communist revolution in Russia who established the Soviet government in 1917.
“Return to Normalcy”: The ambiguous campaign policy that won Warren G. Harding the presidency in 1920.
Root-Takahira Agreement: A conciliatory treaty between the U.S. and Japan that maintained Japanese possessions in Asia, established mutual respect for Pacific territories, and ensured the Open Door policy for trade in China.
United Fruit Company: As a result of Dollar Diplomacy, this company owned over 160,000 acres of land in the Caribbean by 1913.
“Pancho Villa”: Led a rebel army in northern Mexico and briefly had the support of President Wilson, but was overpowered by Carranza. He then attempted to provoke war with the U.S. by staging several raids and was seen as a dangerous bandit. He eluded General Pershing and became a symbol of national resistance in Mexico.
Militarism: Using military power as the primary tool for advancing a nation’s interests and power.
Allies: Also known as the Triple Entente, its primary constituents included Britain, France, and Russia.
Preparedness: The military buildup of the United States in preparation for its entry into World War I.
Committee on Public Information: A government agency in World War I led by George Creel that sought to influence public opinion to favor the war by distributing pro-war pamphlets, newspapers, speeches, etc.
American Expeditionary Force: An organization of troops led by General Pershing that played a decisive role in the conclusion of the war. It defeated the Germans in the Meuse-Argonne offensive.
George Creel: Leader of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) who employed thousands of workers in the creation of pro-war items.
Liberty Bonds: Certificates sold to people that earned interest and served as the major method of funding the war.
Influenza Epidemic (1818-1819): A breakout that killed 550,000 Americans that was widely ignored due to the war effort. Funds were appropriated to the Public Health Service, and the Red Cross aided in the treatment.
Great Migration: The movement of over 300,000 blacks from the South to the North in search of better job opportunities, which were available due to the war.
Fourteen Points: Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace at the post-war delegation at Versailles, which included proposals for European boundaries through self-determination, principles for international conduct, and the proposal of the League of Nations. The points did not have the success Wilson desired.
Self-determination: The right of a people to form their own government without outside interference. Woodrow Wilson promoted this idea in his Fourteen Points.
Mitchell Palmer: Attorney General during the Red Scare who, using the authority of the Alien Act, deported many suspected communists and was became fairly unpopular.
Panama Canal: A passageway constructed under Theodore Roosevelt in what was formerly Colombia through American support of a revolution there.
Open Door: A policy of seeking equal trade in foreign regions, specifically in reference to China.
Victoriano Huerta: Murdered Mexican leader Francisco Madero to gain control of Mexico. He remained in power despite U.S. opposition to his rule until he was overthrown by Carranza.
Woodrow Wilson: President during World War I who sought to spread American influence, while still supporting self-determination. He proposed the League of Nations.
Imperialism: The practice of exploiting weaker nations, benefitting a more powerful nation either through military or economic presence. Wilson saw this as a policy of the past and sought to avoid it.
Central Powers: Also known as the Triple Alliance, it was comprised of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in World War I.
U-Boat: A German submarine; these played a key role in the U.S. intervention in the war by violating neutral shipping rights and sinking the Lusitania.
Selective Service Act: The law that established a military draft for World War I that called for all men between the ages of 21 and 35.
Meuse-Argon offensive: The final battle of World War I that lasted seven weeks and concluded with a victory of the American Expeditionary Force over the German army.
Herbert Hoover: Appointed by President Wilson to lead the Food Administration, where he succeeded in instituting voluntary controls on food prices that were necessary to help the war effort.
Espionage Act: Law that prohibited obstructing America’s war effort; it was used to suppress dissent and criticism, such as that of the radical labor movement.
Sedition Act: An amendment to the Espionage Act that restricted criticism of America’s involvement in the war or its government/officials.
“Big Four”: Leaders of the most powerful nations at the Versailles conference after the war: David Lloyd George (England), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy), and Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
League of Nations: An international organization created by Woodrow Wilson in the Versailles Treaty; however, the U.S. did not secure the 2/3 vote required to join it.
Irreconcilables: A group of senators that were opposed to the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles.
Red Scare: Hysteria after World War I caused by Attorney General Palmer’s deportation of suspected communists.
Roosevelt Corollary: An addition to the Monroe Doctrine that stated that the U.S. could intervene in the affairs of Latin America if necessary.
Dollar Diplomacy: The policy of Taft that America should become economically involved in areas which it desired influence.
Venustiano Carranza: The nationalist leader of an armed Mexican faction called the Constitutionalists who overthrew the Huerta regime. He held tense relations with the U.S.
John J. Pershing: Leader of the American Expeditionary Force. He also attempted and failed to capture the fleeing Carranza. He believed the object of war was the total destruction of the enemy’s military power.
Franz Ferdinand: The archduke of the Austro-Hungarian Empire who was assassinated, directly leading to the outbreak of World War I.
Lusitania: A British liner containing some American passengers that was sunk by a German U-boat, rousing popular opinion for U.S. entry into the war.
Zimmerman Note: A message from Germany to the German ambassador in Mexico that suggested that an alliance be made between Germany and Mexico should the U.S. enter the war. This message was intercepted by Americans and became a propaganda tool for entry into the war.
Dough Boys: Soldiers who joined the war for economic reasons.
War Industrial Board: The federal agency that regulated industrial production for optimum efficiency for the war effort.
Food Administration: Led by Herbert Hoover, this federal agency to regulate the production and distribution of fuel to help the war effort.
Women in Industry Service: An organization formed by the Labor Department that advised employers about female labor and came up with general standards for the treatment of female workers. They had no legal force, but were accepted as goals.
Schenck v. United States: A Supreme Court case upholding the constitutionality of the Sedition and Espionage Acts. It convicted Charles Schenck for mailing pamphlets urging people to resist conscription.
Treaty of Versailles: The treaty that ended World War I and created the League of Nations.
Article X: The core idea of the League of Nations: the idea of collective security as the method for keeping the peace.
Bolsheviks: Members of the communist revolution in Russia who established the Soviet government in 1917.
“Return to Normalcy”: The ambiguous campaign policy that won Warren G. Harding the presidency in 1920.
Questions
“Big Stick”: Theodore Roosevelt’s view on foreign policy that promoted the idea of a strong military. He exercised this in the construction of the Panama Canal and through his corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.
Root-Takahira Agreement: A conciliatory treaty between the U.S. and Japan that maintained Japanese possessions in Asia, established mutual respect for Pacific territories, and ensured the Open Door policy for trade in China.
United Fruit Company: As a result of Dollar Diplomacy, this company owned over 160,000 acres of land in the Caribbean by 1913.
“Pancho Villa”: Led a rebel army in northern Mexico and briefly had the support of President Wilson, but was overpowered by Carranza. He then attempted to provoke war with the U.S. by staging several raids and was seen as a dangerous bandit. He eluded General Pershing and became a symbol of national resistance in Mexico.
Militarism: Using military power as the primary tool for advancing a nation’s interests and power.
Allies: Also known as the Triple Entente, its primary constituents included Britain, France, and Russia.
Preparedness: The military buildup of the United States in preparation for its entry into World War I.
Committee on Public Information: A government agency in World War I led by George Creel that sought to influence public opinion to favor the war by distributing pro-war pamphlets, newspapers, speeches, etc.
American Expeditionary Force: An organization of troops led by General Pershing that played a decisive role in the conclusion of the war. It defeated the Germans in the Meuse-Argonne offensive.
George Creel: Leader of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) who employed thousands of workers in the creation of pro-war items.
Liberty Bonds: Certificates sold to people that earned interest and served as the major method of funding the war.
Influenza Epidemic (1818-1819): A breakout that killed 550,000 Americans that was widely ignored due to the war effort. Funds were appropriated to the Public Health Service, and the Red Cross aided in the treatment.
Great Migration: The movement of over 300,000 blacks from the South to the North in search of better job opportunities, which were available due to the war.
Fourteen Points: Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace at the post-war delegation at Versailles, which included proposals for European boundaries through self-determination, principles for international conduct, and the proposal of the League of Nations. The points did not have the success Wilson desired.
Self-determination: The right of a people to form their own government without outside interference. Woodrow Wilson promoted this idea in his Fourteen Points.
Mitchell Palmer: Attorney General during the Red Scare who, using the authority of the Alien Act, deported many suspected communists and was became fairly unpopular.
Panama Canal: A passageway constructed under Theodore Roosevelt in what was formerly Colombia through American support of a revolution there.
Open Door: A policy of seeking equal trade in foreign regions, specifically in reference to China.
Victoriano Huerta: Murdered Mexican leader Francisco Madero to gain control of Mexico. He remained in power despite U.S. opposition to his rule until he was overthrown by Carranza.
Woodrow Wilson: President during World War I who sought to spread American influence, while still supporting self-determination. He proposed the League of Nations.
Imperialism: The practice of exploiting weaker nations, benefitting a more powerful nation either through military or economic presence. Wilson saw this as a policy of the past and sought to avoid it.
Central Powers: Also known as the Triple Alliance, it was comprised of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in World War I.
U-Boat: A German submarine; these played a key role in the U.S. intervention in the war by violating neutral shipping rights and sinking the Lusitania.
Selective Service Act: The law that established a military draft for World War I that called for all men between the ages of 21 and 35.
Meuse-Argon offensive: The final battle of World War I that lasted seven weeks and concluded with a victory of the American Expeditionary Force over the German army.
Herbert Hoover: Appointed by President Wilson to lead the Food Administration, where he succeeded in instituting voluntary controls on food prices that were necessary to help the war effort.
Espionage Act: Law that prohibited obstructing America’s war effort; it was used to suppress dissent and criticism, such as that of the radical labor movement.
Sedition Act: An amendment to the Espionage Act that restricted criticism of America’s involvement in the war or its government/officials.
“Big Four”: Leaders of the most powerful nations at the Versailles conference after the war: David Lloyd George (England), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy), and Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
League of Nations: An international organization created by Woodrow Wilson in the Versailles Treaty; however, the U.S. did not secure the 2/3 vote required to join it.
Irreconcilables: A group of senators that were opposed to the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles.
Red Scare: Hysteria after World War I caused by Attorney General Palmer’s deportation of suspected communists.
Roosevelt Corollary: An addition to the Monroe Doctrine that stated that the U.S. could intervene in the affairs of Latin America if necessary.
Dollar Diplomacy: The policy of Taft that America should become economically involved in areas which it desired influence.
Venustiano Carranza: The nationalist leader of an armed Mexican faction called the Constitutionalists who overthrew the Huerta regime. He held tense relations with the U.S.
John J. Pershing: Leader of the American Expeditionary Force. He also attempted and failed to capture the fleeing Carranza. He believed the object of war was the total destruction of the enemy’s military power.
Franz Ferdinand: The archduke of the Austro-Hungarian Empire who was assassinated, directly leading to the outbreak of World War I.
Lusitania: A British liner containing some American passengers that was sunk by a German U-boat, rousing popular opinion for U.S. entry into the war.
Zimmerman Note: A message from Germany to the German ambassador in Mexico that suggested that an alliance be made between Germany and Mexico should the U.S. enter the war. This message was intercepted by Americans and became a propaganda tool for entry into the war.
Dough Boys: Soldiers who joined the war for economic reasons.
War Industrial Board: The federal agency that regulated industrial production for optimum efficiency for the war effort.
Food Administration: Led by Herbert Hoover, this federal agency to regulate the production and distribution of fuel to help the war effort.
Women in Industry Service: An organization formed by the Labor Department that advised employers about female labor and came up with general standards for the treatment of female workers. They had no legal force, but were accepted as goals.
Schenck v. United States: A Supreme Court case upholding the constitutionality of the Sedition and Espionage Acts. It convicted Charles Schenck for mailing pamphlets urging people to resist conscription.
Treaty of Versailles: The treaty that ended World War I and created the League of Nations.
Article X: The core idea of the League of Nations: the idea of collective security as the method for keeping the peace.
Bolsheviks: Members of the communist revolution in Russia who established the Soviet government in 1917.
“Return to Normalcy”: The ambiguous campaign policy that won Warren G. Harding the presidency in 1920.
Root-Takahira Agreement: A conciliatory treaty between the U.S. and Japan that maintained Japanese possessions in Asia, established mutual respect for Pacific territories, and ensured the Open Door policy for trade in China.
United Fruit Company: As a result of Dollar Diplomacy, this company owned over 160,000 acres of land in the Caribbean by 1913.
“Pancho Villa”: Led a rebel army in northern Mexico and briefly had the support of President Wilson, but was overpowered by Carranza. He then attempted to provoke war with the U.S. by staging several raids and was seen as a dangerous bandit. He eluded General Pershing and became a symbol of national resistance in Mexico.
Militarism: Using military power as the primary tool for advancing a nation’s interests and power.
Allies: Also known as the Triple Entente, its primary constituents included Britain, France, and Russia.
Preparedness: The military buildup of the United States in preparation for its entry into World War I.
Committee on Public Information: A government agency in World War I led by George Creel that sought to influence public opinion to favor the war by distributing pro-war pamphlets, newspapers, speeches, etc.
American Expeditionary Force: An organization of troops led by General Pershing that played a decisive role in the conclusion of the war. It defeated the Germans in the Meuse-Argonne offensive.
George Creel: Leader of the Committee on Public Information (CPI) who employed thousands of workers in the creation of pro-war items.
Liberty Bonds: Certificates sold to people that earned interest and served as the major method of funding the war.
Influenza Epidemic (1818-1819): A breakout that killed 550,000 Americans that was widely ignored due to the war effort. Funds were appropriated to the Public Health Service, and the Red Cross aided in the treatment.
Great Migration: The movement of over 300,000 blacks from the South to the North in search of better job opportunities, which were available due to the war.
Fourteen Points: Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace at the post-war delegation at Versailles, which included proposals for European boundaries through self-determination, principles for international conduct, and the proposal of the League of Nations. The points did not have the success Wilson desired.
Self-determination: The right of a people to form their own government without outside interference. Woodrow Wilson promoted this idea in his Fourteen Points.
Mitchell Palmer: Attorney General during the Red Scare who, using the authority of the Alien Act, deported many suspected communists and was became fairly unpopular.
Panama Canal: A passageway constructed under Theodore Roosevelt in what was formerly Colombia through American support of a revolution there.
Open Door: A policy of seeking equal trade in foreign regions, specifically in reference to China.
Victoriano Huerta: Murdered Mexican leader Francisco Madero to gain control of Mexico. He remained in power despite U.S. opposition to his rule until he was overthrown by Carranza.
Woodrow Wilson: President during World War I who sought to spread American influence, while still supporting self-determination. He proposed the League of Nations.
Imperialism: The practice of exploiting weaker nations, benefitting a more powerful nation either through military or economic presence. Wilson saw this as a policy of the past and sought to avoid it.
Central Powers: Also known as the Triple Alliance, it was comprised of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in World War I.
U-Boat: A German submarine; these played a key role in the U.S. intervention in the war by violating neutral shipping rights and sinking the Lusitania.
Selective Service Act: The law that established a military draft for World War I that called for all men between the ages of 21 and 35.
Meuse-Argon offensive: The final battle of World War I that lasted seven weeks and concluded with a victory of the American Expeditionary Force over the German army.
Herbert Hoover: Appointed by President Wilson to lead the Food Administration, where he succeeded in instituting voluntary controls on food prices that were necessary to help the war effort.
Espionage Act: Law that prohibited obstructing America’s war effort; it was used to suppress dissent and criticism, such as that of the radical labor movement.
Sedition Act: An amendment to the Espionage Act that restricted criticism of America’s involvement in the war or its government/officials.
“Big Four”: Leaders of the most powerful nations at the Versailles conference after the war: David Lloyd George (England), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy), and Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)
League of Nations: An international organization created by Woodrow Wilson in the Versailles Treaty; however, the U.S. did not secure the 2/3 vote required to join it.
Irreconcilables: A group of senators that were opposed to the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles.
Red Scare: Hysteria after World War I caused by Attorney General Palmer’s deportation of suspected communists.
Roosevelt Corollary: An addition to the Monroe Doctrine that stated that the U.S. could intervene in the affairs of Latin America if necessary.
Dollar Diplomacy: The policy of Taft that America should become economically involved in areas which it desired influence.
Venustiano Carranza: The nationalist leader of an armed Mexican faction called the Constitutionalists who overthrew the Huerta regime. He held tense relations with the U.S.
John J. Pershing: Leader of the American Expeditionary Force. He also attempted and failed to capture the fleeing Carranza. He believed the object of war was the total destruction of the enemy’s military power.
Franz Ferdinand: The archduke of the Austro-Hungarian Empire who was assassinated, directly leading to the outbreak of World War I.
Lusitania: A British liner containing some American passengers that was sunk by a German U-boat, rousing popular opinion for U.S. entry into the war.
Zimmerman Note: A message from Germany to the German ambassador in Mexico that suggested that an alliance be made between Germany and Mexico should the U.S. enter the war. This message was intercepted by Americans and became a propaganda tool for entry into the war.
Dough Boys: Soldiers who joined the war for economic reasons.
War Industrial Board: The federal agency that regulated industrial production for optimum efficiency for the war effort.
Food Administration: Led by Herbert Hoover, this federal agency to regulate the production and distribution of fuel to help the war effort.
Women in Industry Service: An organization formed by the Labor Department that advised employers about female labor and came up with general standards for the treatment of female workers. They had no legal force, but were accepted as goals.
Schenck v. United States: A Supreme Court case upholding the constitutionality of the Sedition and Espionage Acts. It convicted Charles Schenck for mailing pamphlets urging people to resist conscription.
Treaty of Versailles: The treaty that ended World War I and created the League of Nations.
Article X: The core idea of the League of Nations: the idea of collective security as the method for keeping the peace.
Bolsheviks: Members of the communist revolution in Russia who established the Soviet government in 1917.
“Return to Normalcy”: The ambiguous campaign policy that won Warren G. Harding the presidency in 1920.
Questions