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4000
First appearances of cities 3200 First use of hieroglyphics 3100 Menes united Egypt 3000 Migrations to Austronesian New Guinea/ Cultivation of root crops in New Guinea 2900 Sumer developed Cuneiform 2660 Old Kingdom Begins 2334 Sargon came to power 2200 Beginning of Minoan Trade 2200 Xian Dynasty Begins 2040 Middle Kingdom Begins 1900 Earthquakes/Floods in Indus Valley 1792 Hammurabi came to power 1766 Shang dynasty begins 1700 Code of Hammurabi/Minoan Earthquakes 1600 Mycenaeans begin to trade w/ Crete 1550 New Kingdom Begins 1500 Beginning of Vedic Age/Phoenicians introduce the alphabet/Indus valley disappeared/Austronesians arrive in Hawaii/ Lapita’s influence in Pacific islands 1290 Moses led Jews out of Egypt 1200 Phoenicians’ domination of trade begins/ Rise of the 1st Olmec ceremonial center/ Trojan Wars 1130 Iron used for weapons and tools. 1122 Zhou Dynasty 1100 Solon began to rule Athens 1070 New Kingdom Ends 1000 King David’s rule begins/ Beginning of Epic Age/ Beginning of Varna/ Chavin Cult began 970 King Solomon’s Rule begins 800 Phoenicians’ domination of trade ends/ Mayans began to desert their cities/ Poleis emerged from the center of political organization 776 Beginning of Olympics 750 End of Teotihuacan 621 Draco publishes his harsh laws for Athens. Many crimes punishable by death (hence the term 'Draconian'). 586 Babylonian captivity 558 Rise of the Achaemenids 551 Kong Fuzi is born 539 Persian conquest of Babylonia 534 Gautama leaves his wife to search for meaning of life 530 Fall of Achaemenids 528 The Four noble truths are proclaimed 520 Darius built Persepolis 509 Roman nobility replaced Etuscan monarch w/ an aristocratic republic 500 End of Lapita’s influence in Pacific islands/ Beginning of Persian Wars 490 Battle of Marathon 479 Battle of Platae/ Battle of Thermopylae 450 12 Tables written (430 – 347) Life of Plato 415 The disastrous Athenian invasion of Sicily. Before his death, Pericles warned the Athenians not to try to expand their empire until the war with Sparta was completed. They knew better and destroyed two fleets trying to win new territory. Although not the final blow in the war with Sparta, this disaster started the decline of Athens. 400 Beginning of the fall of the Olmecs 399 Socrates was killed with hemlock (384 – 322) Life of Aristotle 371 The Theban commander Epaminondas defeats the reigning champs of the Peloponnese, the Spartans, in the Battle of Leuctra. This is the beginning of the end of the Spartans as a Greek superpower. 350 Philip moved into Greece 336 Alexander became king 334 Alexander invaded Persia 325 Alexander’s forces mutinied in India 323 Rise of the Seleucids/ Alexander the Great died 321 Beginning of Chandragupta Maurya’s empire 310 Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos born. He was one of the first to suggest the earth moved about the sun. 280 King Pyrrhus of Epirus wins a battle against the Romans, but his casualties are very high. 281 Han Feizi is born 268 Ashoka Maurya’s rule begins 264 Beginning of the 1st Punic War 247 Rise of the Parthians 224 Rise of the Sassanids 221 Beginning of Qin Shuihangdi’s reign 218 2nd Punic War 210 End of Qin Shihuangdi’s Rule/ Beginning of Maodun’s reign in Korea 206 Beginning of Han Dynasty 185 Dissappearance of Mauryan empire 182 Bactrian Greeks invaded India 174 And of Mao dunes role in Korea 149 Third Punic war 141 Beginning of Wu Ti (Han Wudi) reign 132 Assassination of Tiberius 124 First imperial university established in China 121 Assassination of Gaius 87 Maruis marched on Rome/ end of Wu Ti’s reign 83 Romans conquered the Seleucid/ Sulla seized Rome 78 Sulla died 73 Spartacus revolt 59 First triumvirate formed 51 Cleopatra & Ptolemy XII inherit Egypt. Ptolemy was the name of Alexander the Great's general who "inherited" Egypt. Cleopatra was the name of Alexander the Great's sister. Almost three centuries later, the Greek influence in Egypt was still strong. 49 Caesar attacked Rome 46 Caesar became dictator 44 Caesar was killed 43 Second triumvirate 31 Octavian invaded Egypt and, against all odds, defeats Antony at battle of Actium. (His soldiers lose heart when Antony leaves the fight to follow Cleopatra who is fleeing the battle). 27 Octavian became Augustus/beginning of Pax Romana 0 Kushan empire takes Northern India and Central Asia 9 Wang Mang seized throne in China 23 End of Wang Mang’s rule 30 Jesus is crucified. 31 The battle of Actium 66 Beginning of the Jewish war 70 Ending of the Jewish war 78 Beginning of Kanishka’s reign First century Beginning of kingdom of Funan/ spread of Buddhism into China 103 End of Kanishka’s reign 122 Roman Emperor Hadrian begins the impressive 73 mile defensive wall in the north of England to keep out the Picts and tax the trade. 180 End of Pax Romana 220 End of Han dynasty (284 – 305) Reign of Diocletian (200s - present) Middle kingdom (313-337) Reign of Constantine 313 Edict of Milan 320 Beginning of the Gupta empire 325 Council of Nicaea 361 Emperor Julian, "The Apostate," tries to return the Empire back to the Pagan religions. 400 Final form of Bhagavad Gita takes place 476 End of the western roman empire 481 Beginning of Clovis‘s reign 527 Beginning of Justinian’s reign 529 Benedictine order created 550 End of the Gupta dynasty 565 End of Justinian’s rain 570 Muhammah’s birth 589 Beginning of building of grand canal 590 Beginning of Gregory I and as pope Seventh century Equal field system 606 Beginning of King Harsha’s reign 618 Sui Yandi was murdered/end of sui/ beginning of the tang dynasty 632 Muhammah’s death 648 End of King Harsha’s reign 661 Beginning of Umayyad dynasty 670 Beginning of Shivajaya kingdom 711 Conquest of Sind 726 Beginning of iconoclastic controversy 732 Battle of tours 750 Beginning of the abbasid dynasty 757 Beginning of the Carolingians (787 – 809) Reign of Harun al-Rashid 800 Charlemagne as emperor Early 9th century Birth of Shakara 814 Beginning of the Luis the pious reign 840 Confucians closed Buddhist monasteries 843 End of iconoclastic controversy/ End of the Carolingians 850 Beginning of the Chola kingdom Mid-9th century Cyril and Methadius’s mission to the Slavs 871 Beginning of Alfred the great’s reign 889 Beginning of the kingdom of Angkor 900 Beginning of Viking invasions/ Tainos sailed to the Caribbean and settled 907 End of Tang dynasty 960 Beginning of the song dynasty 962 Beginning of holy roman empire/ coronation of Otto I 976 Beginning of the reign of basil II 986 Prince of Vladimir of Keiv’s conversion 11th Century Birth of Ramanuja 1000 Christianity became dominant in west Europe/ Leif Ericson to America 1024 First printing of paper money 1057 Schism in the Christian church 1060s Beginning of Reconquistas 1066 Conquest of William conqueror in England 1071 Battle of Manzikert 1086 The Doomsday Book is written for William the Conqueror to detail the wealth and property of England. 1096 Beginning of the 1st crusade 12th century Beginning of voyages between Hawaii and Tahiti/ beginning of Bhakti movement Late 1100s Beginning of investiture controversy 13th Century Emergence of social class in Polynesian Society 1202 Christian sack of Constantinople 1206 Beginning of Chinggis khan’s role/ Beginning of Dehli sultanate/Genghis Khan leads the Mongol armies. 30 to 60 million people are killed in their campaigns building the largest known land empire. It stretched from the Pacific Ocean to the Black Sea. 1211 – 1234 Mongol conquest of Northern China 1219 – 1221 Mongol conquest of Persia 1225 Birth of Saint Thomas Aquinas 1227 End of Chinggis khan’s rule 1237 – 1241 Mongol conquest of Russia 1250 Inca settlement of Cuzco 1264 – 1279 Mongol conquest of South China 1264 Beginning of Kublai Khan’s rule 1271 – 1295 Marco polo visits China 1287 Rabban Sauma’s Embassy to Europe 1289 Beginning of the ottoman dynasty 1291 – 1328 John of montecorvino’s mission to China 1294 End of Kublai Khan’s reign 14th century Construction of fish ponds in Hawaii 1309 Pope Clement V moves the papacy to Avignon, starting the 70 year "Babylonian Exile" 1325 Ibn Batutta travels 1330’s First outbreak of plague in China 1336 Beginning of Vijaynagar kingdom 1336 – 1573 Muromachi period 1337 Beginning of 100 years war 1345 Founding of Tenochtitlan 1368 Hongwu takes over China/beginning of Ming dynasty 1400 Split into five Iroquois nations 1405 Beginning of Zheng He’s travels 1421 Yongle moves capital to Beijing 1431 Thai Invasion of Angkor 1440 And beginning of Montezuma I reign/ birth of Guru Bakir 1441 Portuguese took the first slaves 1453 Capture/fall of Constantinople 1455 German inventor Johann Gutenberg revolutionizes knowledge transfer. He improves or invents three items: the printing press, movable metal type, and an oil-based ink. His first work is the 42-line Bible. 1464 – 1493 Sunni Ali reign 1478 Founding of Spanish inquisition 1488 Bartolomeu Dias’s voyage around Africa 1492 Christopher Columbus’s first voyage 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas signed 1497 Vasco De Gama’s voyage to India 1502 Beginning of Montezuma II reign 1505 Portuguese navy subdued the Swahili 1514 Battle of Chaldiran/After studying in Italy, Nicolas Copernicus (1473-1543) returns to Poland convinced that the earth revolves around the sun. He dedicates his work to his friend Pope Paul III. 1517 Publication of Martin luther’s 95 theses |
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1518
First slaves taken to Caribbean 1519 Ferdinand Magellan circumnavigation of world/ beginning of reign of Charles V/ Cortez arrived and conquered the Aztecs 1520 Beginning of the reign of Suleyman the magnificent / Montezuma died 1525 Babur takes Delhi 1532 Pizarro occupied Cuzco 1540 Society of Jesus 1545 – 1563 Council of Trent 1545 Silver found at Potosi 1549 Xavier arrived in Japan 1550 Founding of the Anglican church 1556 Reign of Akbar in India 1565 Spanish conquest of Philippines 1575 Portuguese founded Ndongo in Africa 1580 Jesuits arrived at the court of Akbar 1588 Beginning reign of Shah Abbas the great in Safavid/ Spanish armada 1591 Moroccan army attacked Songhai 1600 – 1625 Japan the issues edicts forbidding foreign contact 1601 Ieyasu set up Takug Bakufu/ Ricci arrived in China 1604 French founded nova Scotia 1607 English founded Jamestown 1612 Japan and forces decrees ending Christian missions 1618 Beginning of 30 years war 1623 English founded Massachusetts Bay colony 1644 Qing takes over Beijing and makes it their capital 1648 Peace of Westphalia 1650’s Beginnings of scientific revolution 1652 Dutch build Cape Town 1653 Oliver Cromwell becomes Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. 1661 Kangxi ended all expeditions 1659 Reign of Aurangzeb in India 1661 Kangxi began rule in China/ Virginia recognized all blacks as slaves 1665 Portuguese attacked Kongo/founding of Saint Augustine in Florida 1680 The Fulani began to fight established Islamic states 1685 The Edict of Nantes revoked by Louis XIV in France. Many Huguenots are killed and many flee France. 1690 John Locke published 2nd treatise of civil government 1700 Beginnings of enlightenment 1720 Japan lifts ban on foreign books 1762 Rosseau published the social con 1763 Qianlong rule began in China/ End of the French and Indian war (7 year’s war) 1765 Beginning of 7 years’ war 1770 James cook charted east coast of Australia 1775 Beginning of American revolution 1776 Declaration of independence was adopted 1779 Samuel Crompton invents spinning mule 1781 End of American revolution 1783 Peace of Paris 1784 Englishman Henry Shrapnel invents a hollow cannon ball filled with metal particles which explodes above enemy troops with horrific effect. We see these in "The Star-Spangled Banner" line "And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air". 1787 Constitutional convention drafted the American constitution 1789 French revolution/Olaudah published autobiography 1791 Miami Chief 'Little Turtle' inflicts the worst defeat by Native Americans on the US Army under the command of Arthur St. Clair, ninth President of the Continental Congress in the Battle of Wabash. Six hundred soldiers are killed, one-quarter of the US Army. 1792 French Republic in France 1793 That beginning of a revolution in Haiti/Saint Dominigue abolished slavery/King Louis xiv tand Marie were beheaded 1793 – 1794 Reign of terror 1795 – 1799 The directory controlled 1797 Eli Whitney invents interchangeable parts 1799 Napoleon coup d'Etat France 1803 Louisiana purchase/Denmark abolished slave trade 1804 Napoleonic code/ Napoleon emperor/ Haiti was named 1807 Rev. Alexander John Forsyth of Scotland is getting tired of the birds he hunts seeing the flash of fire in his powder pan of his flintlock shotgun and escaping before the gun actually fires. Taking advantage of the recently discovered fulminates that explode upon impact, he invents the percussion cap. Now the birds have no early warning. 1810 Hidalgo – Mexican independence 1817 Netherlands abolished slave trade 1823 Monroe doctrine proclaimed 1839 Tanzimat era begins/Opium war begins 1822 Brazil declares independence 1832 Great reform bill 1833 Great Britain abolished slavery 1842 Mines act 1845 – 1848 Mexican-American war 1845 Spanish abolished slavery 1848 Publication of communist manifesto/Seneca falls feminist movement in United States/French abolished slavery 1850 – 1864 Taiping rebellion 1853 Arrival of commodore Perry 1856 Louis Pasteur shows that disease is spread from tiny, little organisms, instead of bad vapors. Germ theory is born. 1857 Sepoy rebellion 1860 Italy unified/revolution in Europe 1861 Beginning of American culture/emancipation of Russians serfs/Scotsman James Clerk Maxwell proposes a method to make permanent color photographs. Thomas Sutton uses this technique to make the first color photograph, of a Tartan ribbon. 1865 United States abolished slavery/end of civil war/Augustinian monk Gregor Mendel lays the foundation for modern genetics 1867 Establishment of dominion of Canada 1868 Meiji restoration 1871 Germany is unified 1875 Alaska purchased 1876 Creation of ottoman constitution/Tanzimat era ends 1879 Thomas Edison demonstrates his incandescent light bulb! 1884 – 1885 Berlin West Africa conference 1885 Founding of Indian National Congress 1889 Creation of Meiji constitution 1894 – 1917 End of the reign of Nicholas II in Russia 1896 Freud began his research/Herzl published Judenstad 1893 Gandhi went to South Africa to practice law 1898 United States acquired Hawaii/beginning of Spanish American war 1900 Boxer rebellion 1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright fly the first heavier than air craft. 1904 Russo-Japanese war begins 1905 Russian revolution of 1905/Ruso-Japanese war ends 1906 Founding of All – Muslim League 1911 Beginning of Mexican revolution/Chinese revolution 1912 Chinese Republic declared/The unsinkable Titanic goes down with over 1,500 souls. A steward from the White Star Line is reported as having said, "Not even God Himself can sink this ship". ("Hubris" is what the Greeks called it.) 1914 Mussolini founded his newspaper “ the people of Italy”/Completion of Panama Canal/beginning of WWI/air warfare was 1st used 1915 Poison gas was first used Germany/British first introduced tanks/Japan that issues 21 secret demands/Gallipoli campaign/Gandhi re 1917 United States enters in WWI/Bolshevik revolution 1918 End of WW I/treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1919 Treaty of Versailles ended WWI/Mussolini adopted forces as a symbol of Italian fascism 1920 End of Mexican revolution/ first meeting of the League of Nations 1920 - 1922 Gandhi noncooperation movement 1921 March on Rome/Hitler became chairman of national socialist German workers’ party/Chinese communist party organized/attempted Munich takeover 1922 New fascist regime in Italy 1923 Ataturk proclaims the Republic of Turkey 1925 Hitler writes Mein Kampf/ Sun Yat Sen died 1927- 1933 Civil war in Nicaragua 1926 Rome – Berlin axis declare/Mussolini became dictator 1929 The great depression begins 1930 Civil disobedience movement 1931 Mukden incident/Japan invaded Manchuria 1932 Sir James Chadwick discovers the neutron. 1933 Hitler became chancellor 1933-1935 NAZI transformed Germany into a centralized state 1934 Long march 1935 India act 1935 – 1938 Great purge of Russia 1937 Government of India act 1938 Kristallnacht/Samuel Morse demonstrates the telegraph in public. 1942 Wansee conference/Final solution 1943 D-Day/The battleship Roma is attacked by two German Fritz X bombs, becoming the first vessel sunk by a guided weapon. 1945 Cold war/end of WWII/Tito takes over Yugoslavia/French recaptured Saigon/Jews launched a violent campaign against Br/Algarian revolt 1946 Day of direct action (Muslims vs. Hindus)/iron curtain speech 1947 Civil war in Palestinian/war over Kashmir/Marshall plan/Pakistan independence/India independence/Truman doctrine 1948 Berlin airlift/Israel independence/Yugoslavia expelled from Soviet bloc/creation of Israel 1949 Chang goes into Taiwan/China becomes communist/NATO 1950 Chinese assert control over Tibet 1950 -1953 Korean war (38th parallel) 1952 Nasser – coup in Egypt 1954 War in Algeria against France/Nasser kicked bre Suez/Nasser – prime minister/Geneva conference/Dien Bien Phu/brown vs. board of education 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat 1956 Hungarian revolt/Destalinization /Morocco and Tunisia are giving independence/Suez crisis 1957 Sputnik 1st satellite/ Guatemala civil war/ Ghana gets independence 1959 Castro overthrows Batista 1960 National liberation front 1961 Communist East Germany starts erecting barbed wire fences and later concrete walls in what will become a symbol of the cold war, the Berlin Wall./bay of pigs incident/1st man to orbit earth by USSR 1962 Cuban missile crisis/Algeria gets independence/U.S. sends John Glenn to orbit earth 1963 Kenya gets independence 1964 Growing rift between China and Soviet union/Dr. Strangleove released 1965 LBJ orders bombing 1968 Prague spring in Czechoslovakia/Vietnam war escalated 1969 July 20 first man on Moon by U.S. 1971 Congo becomes Zaire 1972 SALT I 1972 – 1974 Watergate scandal 1973 Yom Kippur War/Vietnam ends w/ Vietnam Paris peace accords 1974 Nixon resigns 1975 Angola gets independence/United States pulls out of Vietnam 1976 Mao dies 1979 Savant Hussein takes over Iraq/Iranian revolution/SALT II/USSR invades Afghanistan/Iranian hostage/Sandanistas takeover Nicaragua (Marxist) 1980 Zimbabwe gets independence 1980- 1985 Iran – Iraq war 1981 Hostages released/Raegan withdraws support of Sandinistas/Deng Xiaoping takes over 1983 Raegan gave support to Contras 1984 2 year ban on military aid to Contras 1985 Rajiv Gandhi took over India/Gorbachev comes to power 1986 United States sold arms to Iran 1988 Hungarians tear down Soviet government 1989 Solidarity party legalized in Poland/United States in Nicaragua as a peacekeeping party/Tiananmen Square/Deklert becomes president of South Africa/bulgarito’s leader overthrown 1990 Iraq invades Kuwait/velvet revolution in Czechoslovakia/Mandela released from jail/perestroika and glasnost in USSR 1991 End of USSR/end of Cold War/Rajiv assassinated/(Estonia/Latvia/Lithuania independence) 1993 Czechs and Slovaks form 2 countries 1994 Elections in South Africa/Mandela president/end of apartheid 1995 Rabin assassinated 1997 Hong Kong returns to China/Mobuto out of Zaire/Zaire becomes democratic Republic of Congo 1999 Panama Canal turned over to Panama 2003 Under the direction of president George Bush, US forces invade Iraqi to rid the country of its weapons of mass destruction. 2011 After almost nine years, 4,500 American dead, 32,000 American wounded, 100,000 Iraqi dead and over $800 billion dollars, the US winds down the war in Iraq. 2012 Scientists from the Large Hadron Collider announce the discovery of the Higgs particle at a mass of about 126 GeV further completing the Standard Model. |