National Road: Funded in 1808, it was the
greatest federal transportation expense ($7 million), stretching from the east
coast, crossing the Appalachian Mountains to Ohioand Illinois. It helped to foster a national
community.
Erie Canal: Envisioned by DeWitt Clinton as
a link between the Great Lakes and New
York City, it was a 364 mile long canal.
It was build over a period of 8 years, utilizing Irish labor.
It created a nearly international market for goods in New
England.
Market Revolution: The outcome of rapid
developments in transportation, industrialization, and commercialization.
Putting out system: The production of goods
in independent households using raw materials that had been given to the family
by a merchant, who then took the finished product and sold it for a large profit
elsewhere.
Samuel Slater: An Englishman who had just
finished an apprenticeship in an up to date cotton-spinning factory, he
travelled to America despite British orders not
to. He met with two engineers and
developed Slater’s mill in 1790, the most advanced cotton mill of the time. He founded a mill and drew his
workforce mainly from women and
children.
Cyrus McCormick: Inventor of the
horse-drawn reaper that increased the speed at which wheat could be harvested
fivefold.
John Deere: Inventor of the steel plow,
which cut plowing time in half.
This allowed for a larger amount of land to be
cultivated.
Lowell
System: A system in which all aspects of textile manufacture are able to be
completed in the same factory.
This system required a larger capital investment than the previous small
mills. The invention of the power
loom greatly enhanced this process.
American System: A technique of production
in the United States that relied on the use of
interchangeable parts. This helped
in the standardization of many goods, such as
guns.
“wage slaves”: A term Southerners used to
refer to factory workers in the North.
They compared the plight of these wage-earners as worse than that of
slaves in the South.
Robert Fulton: The inventor of the
steamboat. This was a major part
of the Transportation Revolution.
“Natural” Social Order: A system in which
the southern planters were the elite, professionals such as lawyers and
ministers made up the middle class, yeoman farmers composed the middle class,
and paupers and slaves were at the bottom rung of society.
The market revolution ended this social
order.
White-Collar Workers: People who worked in
business, not factories, such as clerks, bank tellers, and accountants. These people owed their jobs to the new
organization of industry in the North.
Treatise
on Domestic Economy: Written
by Catherine Beecher, this work was the standard housekeeping guide for many
middle-class women after the market revolution.
Sentimentalism: Placing emphasis on
sincerity and feeling in reaction to the market revolution.
The sentimental novel, written and read primarily by women, arose from
this mindset.
Transcendentalism: Popularized by Ralph
Waldo Emerson, this movement supported individualism and emphasized the need to
achieve intuition of the Universal Being through
nature.
Henry David Thoreau: A proponent of
Transcendentalism to the extreme, he supported the idea of individualism so much
that he moved into a cabin at Walden Pond, and
he was the author of the book Walden.
Margaret Fuller: A Transcendentalist that
expressed the wasted talent of women in her work, Woman
in the Nineteenth Century.
Questions
greatest federal transportation expense ($7 million), stretching from the east
coast, crossing the Appalachian Mountains to Ohioand Illinois. It helped to foster a national
community.
Erie Canal: Envisioned by DeWitt Clinton as
a link between the Great Lakes and New
York City, it was a 364 mile long canal.
It was build over a period of 8 years, utilizing Irish labor.
It created a nearly international market for goods in New
England.
Market Revolution: The outcome of rapid
developments in transportation, industrialization, and commercialization.
Putting out system: The production of goods
in independent households using raw materials that had been given to the family
by a merchant, who then took the finished product and sold it for a large profit
elsewhere.
Samuel Slater: An Englishman who had just
finished an apprenticeship in an up to date cotton-spinning factory, he
travelled to America despite British orders not
to. He met with two engineers and
developed Slater’s mill in 1790, the most advanced cotton mill of the time. He founded a mill and drew his
workforce mainly from women and
children.
Cyrus McCormick: Inventor of the
horse-drawn reaper that increased the speed at which wheat could be harvested
fivefold.
John Deere: Inventor of the steel plow,
which cut plowing time in half.
This allowed for a larger amount of land to be
cultivated.
Lowell
System: A system in which all aspects of textile manufacture are able to be
completed in the same factory.
This system required a larger capital investment than the previous small
mills. The invention of the power
loom greatly enhanced this process.
American System: A technique of production
in the United States that relied on the use of
interchangeable parts. This helped
in the standardization of many goods, such as
guns.
“wage slaves”: A term Southerners used to
refer to factory workers in the North.
They compared the plight of these wage-earners as worse than that of
slaves in the South.
Robert Fulton: The inventor of the
steamboat. This was a major part
of the Transportation Revolution.
“Natural” Social Order: A system in which
the southern planters were the elite, professionals such as lawyers and
ministers made up the middle class, yeoman farmers composed the middle class,
and paupers and slaves were at the bottom rung of society.
The market revolution ended this social
order.
White-Collar Workers: People who worked in
business, not factories, such as clerks, bank tellers, and accountants. These people owed their jobs to the new
organization of industry in the North.
Treatise
on Domestic Economy: Written
by Catherine Beecher, this work was the standard housekeeping guide for many
middle-class women after the market revolution.
Sentimentalism: Placing emphasis on
sincerity and feeling in reaction to the market revolution.
The sentimental novel, written and read primarily by women, arose from
this mindset.
Transcendentalism: Popularized by Ralph
Waldo Emerson, this movement supported individualism and emphasized the need to
achieve intuition of the Universal Being through
nature.
Henry David Thoreau: A proponent of
Transcendentalism to the extreme, he supported the idea of individualism so much
that he moved into a cabin at Walden Pond, and
he was the author of the book Walden.
Margaret Fuller: A Transcendentalist that
expressed the wasted talent of women in her work, Woman
in the Nineteenth Century.
Questions