Terms
Popes Revolt- A leader of the Pueblo Indians. Helped dismantle the Spanish at Santa Fe, and was a leader in killing priests and missionaries.
New Netherlands- A settlement at what is now Albany, called Fort Orange. Also included New Amsterdam, created on Manhattan Island.
Powhatan- Father to Pocahontas, and head Chief of the Powhatan Indians.
House of Burgesses- The legislature of colonial Virginia. First organized in 1619, it was the first institution of representative government in the English colonies.
Indentured Servants- Individuals who contracted to serve a master for a period of four to seven years in return for payment of the servant’s passage to America.
Massachusetts Bay Colony- Settlement formed by the Puritans who left England in 1629. They renamed it Salem. It was known as a “city on a hill” by some.
Salem Witch Trials- One extreme scare of witchcraft after some girls claimed they had been bewitched by some older women. 20 people total had been executed when the governor called it off.
Great Migration- Puritan emigration to North America between 1629 and 1643.
Dominion of New England- The combined areas of New England, New York, and New Jersey
King William’s War- The first of a series of colonial struggles between England and France; these conflicts occurred principally on the frontiers of northern New England and New York between 1689 and 1697.
Champlain- Founder of Quebec, and therefore New France.
Virginia Company- A group of London investors who sent ships to Chesapeake Bay in 1607. They sponsored the founding of English Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America.
John Smith- Military leader of Jamestown
Headright Grants- Awards of lands to wealthy colonists who promised to finance the voyage to the New World for workers.
Pilgrims- Settlers of Plymouth Colony, who viewed themselves as spiritual wanderers.
Mayflower Compact- The first document of self-government in North America.
Anne Hutchinson- She claimed that the fact that Boston ministers put so much emphasis on doing good things caused others to believe they could earn their way into heaven. She was excommunicated.
Bacon’s Rebellion- Violent conflict in Virginia, beginning with settler attacks on Indians but culminating in a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia’s government.
King Phillip’s War- Conflict in New England between Wampanoags, Narragansetts, and other Indian peoples against English settlers; sparked by English encroachment on native lands.
New France- Began when, in 1608, Champlain founded Quebec on the St. Lawrence River. Was exclusively for Catholics.
Jamestown- The first permanent English settlement in the New World. John Smith was its military leader.
John Rolfe- Married to Pocahontas. Developed a mild, hybrid tobacco.
Puritans- Individuals who believed that Queen Elizabeth’s reforms of the church England had not gone far enough in improving the church. Puritans led the settlement of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Thomas Hooker- Disagreed that only churchgoing men could gain suffrage. He and his followers founded Hartford, Connecticut.
Roger Williams- Believed in religious tolerance and the separation of church and state. He preached that the Indians’ land was not for the taking, but it could be bargained for. He was later banished from Salem for his ideas. He left and, with a group of followers, bought Indian land and founded the town of Providence.
Quakers- Members of the Society of Friends, a radical religious group that arose in the mid-seventeenth century. They rejected formal theology, focusing instead on the Holy Spirit that dwelt within them.
William Penn- A Quaker who was given a proprietary grant to a territory West of Delaware, now part of Pennsylvania. He was also the founder of Philadelphia. He gave all people in his colony religious freedom.
Covenant Chain- An alliance between the Iroquois confederacy and the colony of New York which sought to establish Iroquois dominance over all other tribes and thus put New York in an economically and politically dominant position among the other colonies.
Questions
Popes Revolt- A leader of the Pueblo Indians. Helped dismantle the Spanish at Santa Fe, and was a leader in killing priests and missionaries.
New Netherlands- A settlement at what is now Albany, called Fort Orange. Also included New Amsterdam, created on Manhattan Island.
Powhatan- Father to Pocahontas, and head Chief of the Powhatan Indians.
House of Burgesses- The legislature of colonial Virginia. First organized in 1619, it was the first institution of representative government in the English colonies.
Indentured Servants- Individuals who contracted to serve a master for a period of four to seven years in return for payment of the servant’s passage to America.
Massachusetts Bay Colony- Settlement formed by the Puritans who left England in 1629. They renamed it Salem. It was known as a “city on a hill” by some.
Salem Witch Trials- One extreme scare of witchcraft after some girls claimed they had been bewitched by some older women. 20 people total had been executed when the governor called it off.
Great Migration- Puritan emigration to North America between 1629 and 1643.
Dominion of New England- The combined areas of New England, New York, and New Jersey
King William’s War- The first of a series of colonial struggles between England and France; these conflicts occurred principally on the frontiers of northern New England and New York between 1689 and 1697.
Champlain- Founder of Quebec, and therefore New France.
Virginia Company- A group of London investors who sent ships to Chesapeake Bay in 1607. They sponsored the founding of English Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in North America.
John Smith- Military leader of Jamestown
Headright Grants- Awards of lands to wealthy colonists who promised to finance the voyage to the New World for workers.
Pilgrims- Settlers of Plymouth Colony, who viewed themselves as spiritual wanderers.
Mayflower Compact- The first document of self-government in North America.
Anne Hutchinson- She claimed that the fact that Boston ministers put so much emphasis on doing good things caused others to believe they could earn their way into heaven. She was excommunicated.
Bacon’s Rebellion- Violent conflict in Virginia, beginning with settler attacks on Indians but culminating in a rebellion led by Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia’s government.
King Phillip’s War- Conflict in New England between Wampanoags, Narragansetts, and other Indian peoples against English settlers; sparked by English encroachment on native lands.
New France- Began when, in 1608, Champlain founded Quebec on the St. Lawrence River. Was exclusively for Catholics.
Jamestown- The first permanent English settlement in the New World. John Smith was its military leader.
John Rolfe- Married to Pocahontas. Developed a mild, hybrid tobacco.
Puritans- Individuals who believed that Queen Elizabeth’s reforms of the church England had not gone far enough in improving the church. Puritans led the settlement of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Thomas Hooker- Disagreed that only churchgoing men could gain suffrage. He and his followers founded Hartford, Connecticut.
Roger Williams- Believed in religious tolerance and the separation of church and state. He preached that the Indians’ land was not for the taking, but it could be bargained for. He was later banished from Salem for his ideas. He left and, with a group of followers, bought Indian land and founded the town of Providence.
Quakers- Members of the Society of Friends, a radical religious group that arose in the mid-seventeenth century. They rejected formal theology, focusing instead on the Holy Spirit that dwelt within them.
William Penn- A Quaker who was given a proprietary grant to a territory West of Delaware, now part of Pennsylvania. He was also the founder of Philadelphia. He gave all people in his colony religious freedom.
Covenant Chain- An alliance between the Iroquois confederacy and the colony of New York which sought to establish Iroquois dominance over all other tribes and thus put New York in an economically and politically dominant position among the other colonies.
Questions
- The Spanish experience with the Pueblos was similar to other colonizing experiences because it involved natives attempting to defeat colonizers in battle. It was different, however, in that the natives were actually able to hold off the colonizers, rather than be defeated by them.
- The French and the Spanish needed the Indians because they could be used as allies, and because the Indians already knew the land and the colonizers needed to learn it. English experiences, however, were different because the English were only interested in taking Indian land, causing numerous battles and rebellions.
- The goals of the colonizers of Virginia was to create a place where people could have freedom of religion, and therefore escape the church of England. Both Virginia colonizers and Massachusetts Bay colonizers wanted to get away from the church of England, but Massachusetts Bay colonizers wanted to have a place of only Puritans.
- Chesapeake citizens were mostly male, so free unmarried women were often married soon after entering the colony. Massachusetts, however, contained many families that were already complete upon entrance of the colony.
- The English believed that they had the right to take lands that were not “being used in the English way”, meaning Indian lands. English leaders used many tactics to trick and simply force the Indians into giving them land.
- Disputes over land and discontent with how the colonies were being run were the usual causes of rebellions and uprisings.
- I think that the English colonizers learned definitely about government. They went into a place which had no previous government and were expected to create a government of their own, which is a large task to do effectively. They also found it was difficult to fulfill the expectations of the governments back home, as they had to start from scratch and become a successful colony. Also, they probably learned that the Indians were not easy to get along with when their land was being taken.