Terms
“Second Industrial Revolution”- An industrial revolution driven by electricity instead of steam power.
Oligopoly- When a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers.
Welfare Capitalism- Benefits were given to workers to keep them happy, such as insurance.
Open Shop- Business where employees were not required to join a Union and would receive the same benefits.
Middletown-
Henry Ford- The inventor of the assembly line, and the beginner of Ford Motors.
Assembly Line- A system of making generic goods, such as cars, where they are built consistently in steps.
Model T- Also known as the Tin Lizzie, it was Ford’s first car.
McNary-Haugen Farm Relief Bill- A bill that was designed to help and stabilize farm prices, but it was vetoed by Coolidge.
“Roaring Twenties”- A name given to the 20s to represent the great cultural changes taking place.
The Jazz Singer- The first ‘talkie’ movie that featured Al Jolson in blackface.
KDKA- The first radio station to broadcast, it did so from Pittsburgh in 1920.
New York Daily News- A tabloid that emphasized scandal, sex, sports, and gossip columns.
Tabloid- A source of news that focuses on taboos of society.
Phonograph- The first device that could be used to play music.
“The Charleston”- A popular dance of the 20s.
“Babe” Ruth- A famous baseball player from the 20s. He hit 714 home runs in his career.
Negro League- A professional baseball league for black people, because the leagues were segregated.
Charles Lindbergh- The pilot who made the 33 hour flight from New York to Paris.
Al Capone- A famous gangster from the 20s, he led a gang in Chicago.
Flapper- Girls who wore short skirts and had short hair.
Jazz- An amazing form of music created in the 20s, usually involving a piano, trumpet, guitar, bass, and saxophone.
Prohibition- The restriction of alcohol.
Volstead Act- 1920 Act defining the forbidden liquors and giving enforcement responsibilities to the Prohibition Bureau.
“Speakeasy”- Private bars where people could go to illegally drink illegal alcohol.
Twenty First Amendment- The amendment which repealed the 18th Amendment, which initiated prohibition.
Immigration Restriction League- A group who opposed the avalanche of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe.
The Passing of the Great Race- A book written by Grant claiming Nordic superiority, It was extremely racist.
Immigration Act- 1921 Act setting a maximum of 357,000 new immigrants per year.
Johnson-Reed Immigration Act- Cut quota of immigrants to 2 percent, and stopped all Japanese immigration.
Ozawa v. US- A case resulting from a Japanese man Ozawa filing for citizenship and being denied for not being white. The court said that only Caucasians are white.
Ku Klux Klan- A hate group formed in the 20s. They hated everyone except White Protestants.
The Birth of a Nation- A book published in 1915 glorifying the KKK.
Scopes “Monkey” Trial- A trial resulting in a teacher from Tennessee being fined $100 for teaching evolution.
Warren Harding- Winner of the Election of 1920.
Harry Daugherty- The US Attorney General under Warren Harding. He pardoned Eugene Debs.
Albert Fall- Harding’s Secretary of the Interior, he is best known for his involvement in the Teapot Dome Scandal.
Teapot Dome Scandal- A scandal in which Albert Fall leased oil reserves to oil companies without competitive bidding, and then received great personal financial gains for it.
Andrew Mellon- The secretary of the Treasury under 3 presidents: Harding, Hoover, and Coolidge.
Calvin Coolidge- The 30th President of the US.
Herbert Hoover- The 31st President of the US.
Kellogg-Briand Pact- A pact providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy.
League of Women Voters- League formed in 1920 advocating women’s rights, including serving on a jury and equal pay laws.
Marcus Garvey- A strong supporter of the advancement of blacks.
Langston Hughes- A famous American author who wrote during the Harlem Renaissance.
Harlem Renaissance- A new African American cultural awareness that flourished in literature, art, and music in the 20s.
Gertrude Stein- An American author who spent most of her life in France.
Ernest Hemingway- The author of El hombre y la mer.
F. Scott Fitzgerald- A writer of short stories.
HL Mencken- A written critic of American life and culture in the 20s.
Sinclair Lewis- An American author of short stories and a playwright.
Sacco and Vanzetti- Two Italian-born American anarchists who were electrocuted in 1927 for robbing and murdering two payroll clerks.
“The Fugitives”- A 1910 film directed by DW Griffiths.
Election 1928- An election won by Herbert Hoover.
Al Smith- The first ever Catholic presidential candidate.
Questions
“Second Industrial Revolution”- An industrial revolution driven by electricity instead of steam power.
Oligopoly- When a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers.
Welfare Capitalism- Benefits were given to workers to keep them happy, such as insurance.
Open Shop- Business where employees were not required to join a Union and would receive the same benefits.
Middletown-
Henry Ford- The inventor of the assembly line, and the beginner of Ford Motors.
Assembly Line- A system of making generic goods, such as cars, where they are built consistently in steps.
Model T- Also known as the Tin Lizzie, it was Ford’s first car.
McNary-Haugen Farm Relief Bill- A bill that was designed to help and stabilize farm prices, but it was vetoed by Coolidge.
“Roaring Twenties”- A name given to the 20s to represent the great cultural changes taking place.
The Jazz Singer- The first ‘talkie’ movie that featured Al Jolson in blackface.
KDKA- The first radio station to broadcast, it did so from Pittsburgh in 1920.
New York Daily News- A tabloid that emphasized scandal, sex, sports, and gossip columns.
Tabloid- A source of news that focuses on taboos of society.
Phonograph- The first device that could be used to play music.
“The Charleston”- A popular dance of the 20s.
“Babe” Ruth- A famous baseball player from the 20s. He hit 714 home runs in his career.
Negro League- A professional baseball league for black people, because the leagues were segregated.
Charles Lindbergh- The pilot who made the 33 hour flight from New York to Paris.
Al Capone- A famous gangster from the 20s, he led a gang in Chicago.
Flapper- Girls who wore short skirts and had short hair.
Jazz- An amazing form of music created in the 20s, usually involving a piano, trumpet, guitar, bass, and saxophone.
Prohibition- The restriction of alcohol.
Volstead Act- 1920 Act defining the forbidden liquors and giving enforcement responsibilities to the Prohibition Bureau.
“Speakeasy”- Private bars where people could go to illegally drink illegal alcohol.
Twenty First Amendment- The amendment which repealed the 18th Amendment, which initiated prohibition.
Immigration Restriction League- A group who opposed the avalanche of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe.
The Passing of the Great Race- A book written by Grant claiming Nordic superiority, It was extremely racist.
Immigration Act- 1921 Act setting a maximum of 357,000 new immigrants per year.
Johnson-Reed Immigration Act- Cut quota of immigrants to 2 percent, and stopped all Japanese immigration.
Ozawa v. US- A case resulting from a Japanese man Ozawa filing for citizenship and being denied for not being white. The court said that only Caucasians are white.
Ku Klux Klan- A hate group formed in the 20s. They hated everyone except White Protestants.
The Birth of a Nation- A book published in 1915 glorifying the KKK.
Scopes “Monkey” Trial- A trial resulting in a teacher from Tennessee being fined $100 for teaching evolution.
Warren Harding- Winner of the Election of 1920.
Harry Daugherty- The US Attorney General under Warren Harding. He pardoned Eugene Debs.
Albert Fall- Harding’s Secretary of the Interior, he is best known for his involvement in the Teapot Dome Scandal.
Teapot Dome Scandal- A scandal in which Albert Fall leased oil reserves to oil companies without competitive bidding, and then received great personal financial gains for it.
Andrew Mellon- The secretary of the Treasury under 3 presidents: Harding, Hoover, and Coolidge.
Calvin Coolidge- The 30th President of the US.
Herbert Hoover- The 31st President of the US.
Kellogg-Briand Pact- A pact providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy.
League of Women Voters- League formed in 1920 advocating women’s rights, including serving on a jury and equal pay laws.
Marcus Garvey- A strong supporter of the advancement of blacks.
Langston Hughes- A famous American author who wrote during the Harlem Renaissance.
Harlem Renaissance- A new African American cultural awareness that flourished in literature, art, and music in the 20s.
Gertrude Stein- An American author who spent most of her life in France.
Ernest Hemingway- The author of El hombre y la mer.
F. Scott Fitzgerald- A writer of short stories.
HL Mencken- A written critic of American life and culture in the 20s.
Sinclair Lewis- An American author of short stories and a playwright.
Sacco and Vanzetti- Two Italian-born American anarchists who were electrocuted in 1927 for robbing and murdering two payroll clerks.
“The Fugitives”- A 1910 film directed by DW Griffiths.
Election 1928- An election won by Herbert Hoover.
Al Smith- The first ever Catholic presidential candidate.
Questions
- Five major economic and technological developments in the twenties were the assembly line, the radio, passenger airlines, the American version of the automobile, and the audible motion picture. The assembly line was very important because it made the manufacturing of complex things much more simple and much quicker. Airlines and the automobile were very important because they cut down on travel times exponentially. The radio was very important because it made communication over long distances much easier, as compared to the telegraph.
- I think the 20s were a decade of mostly hedonism and liberation. With the creation of jazz, musicians were able to freely express themselves through music. Also, the group of women known as flappers were liberated from being confined to the house and their long dresses.
- I think I would have sincerely enjoyed the 1920s. I really enjoy jazz, and I think it would have been really cool to have been there for the original stuff. Also, I would’ve enjoyed seeing some of the sports legends, such as Babe Ruth or the Four Horsemen. Something I would not have liked about the 20s was all of the gang violence, as well as the other scandals plaguing society.
- I can tell that drinking some of the home-brewed alcohol that was produced could possibly have been awful for the citizens’ health later in life. The same goes for spending money too freely, as some did. Come later years in the Great Depression, they would not have as much money saved as they would need.
- Anti-foreignism flared up so much post-WWI because it was foreigners that brought America into WWI, causing the loss of many lives. These foreigners were seen as loyal to their home countries, and so they were discriminated against for being part of the cause of the losses of lives. No, the US could not have continued to allow unrestricted immigration because there would have been massive overcrowding and massive numbers of poor people. Sacco and Vanzetti were more victims than anything, seeing as they were accused of murdering a man when they were just regular Italians who society did not look favorably upon.
- Prohibition was essentially an American experiment. The American government made an attempt to control its citizens to a point that was far too personal. Alcohol is something consumed by cultures all over the world, and the American government thought wrong when thinking that it was making a bad mark on their society. The government should have the authority to do whatever they want as far as regulating harmful substances, though they should only use that authority in the case that whatever is being banned is becoming more of a problem to parts of society than it is beneficial to society as a whole.