Terms
“Big Stick”- Teddy Roosevelt’s foreign policy. It stated that we should not meddle in foreign affairs, but to fight back should another country provoke us.
Panama Canal- A canal built in Panama in the early 1900s meant to decrease time spent on the ocean for ships traveling between the east and west coasts.
Roosevelt Corollary- Teddy Roosevelt’s policy asserting US authority to interfere in the affairs of Latin American nations.
Root-Takahira Agreement- An agreement between the US and Japan that they would respect the others’ possessions in Asia and the Pacific.
Open Door- American policy of seeking equal trade and investment opportunities in foreign nations or regions.
Dollar Diplomacy- Taft’s policy of gaining overseas attention using money.
United Fruit Company-
Victoriano Huerta- The President of Mexico following the revolt of poor people.
Venustiano Carranza- The President of Mexico (as recognized by Woodrow Wilson) following a US-provoked revolt in Mexico.
Pancho Villa- A bandit/freedom fighter of Mexico who murdered 16 Americans in Mexico in 1916.
Woodrow Wilson- The President of the US during WWI. He was pretty racist.
John Pershing- The American official sent to Mexico to capture Pancho Villa.
Militarism- The tendency to see military might as the most important and best tool for the expansion of a nation’s power and prestige.
Imperialism- Policy and practice of exploiting nations and people to benefit an imperial power either by military occupation or economic domination.
Franz Ferdinand- The archduke of the Austro-Hungarian empire whose murder was the spark for WWI.
Allies- In WWI, Britain, France, Russia, and other nations fighting against the Central Powers, not including the US. A.k.a. the Triple Entente
Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey, and Italy.
Lusitania- The British ocean liner that was sunk in 1915. It was carrying about 150 American passengers.
Preparedness- Military preparation for possible US participation in WWI.
U-Boat- The name given to German WWI submarines.
Zimmerman Note- The telegram from Germany to Mexico that encouraged the Mexican invasion of America. Britain intercepted the note and published it, bringing America into the war.
Committee on Public Information- A committee formed by the government in an effort to gain support for WWI. It employed 75,000 men to give speeches in favor of the war.
Selective Service Act- The law establishing a military draft for WWI.
Dough Boys- A slang term for an American infantryman.
American Expeditionary Force- The US military force sent to Europe to fight in WWI.
Meuse-Argon Offensive-
War Industrial Board- Federal agency that reorganized industry for the maximization of efficiency and productivity during WWI.
George Creel- The head of the US Committee on Public Information during WWI.
Herbert Hoover- The winner of the election of 1928.
Food Administration- A creation of Woodrow Wilson. It was meant to create advertisements to promote saving food for the soldiers during WWI.
Liberty Bonds- Interest-bearing certificates sold by the US government to finance the WWI effort.
Espionage Act- Law whose vague prohibition against obstructing the nation’s war effort was used to crush criticism during WWI.
Women in Industry Service-
Flu Epidemic- An epidemic of influenza in America, killing more Americans than WWI.
Sedition Act- Broad law restricting criticism of America’s involvement in WWI or its government, flag, military, officials, or taxes.
Schenck v. United States- A case over whether or not a defendant possessed the First Amendment right to free speech when being drafted for WWI.
Great Migration- The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North, spurred especially by new job opportunities during WWI.
“Big Four”- The representatives of the US, France, Britain, and Italy at the Paris Peace Conference. The US was represented by Woodrow Wilson, France was represented by Clemenceau, Italy was represented by Orlando, and Britain was represented by David Lloyd George.
Treaty of Versailles- Treaty ending WWI and creating the League of Nations.
14 Points- 14 goals delivered by President Wilson to Congress that aimed at peace. They included the causes of WWI, necessary boundary changes, and the creation of the League of Nations.
League of Nations- International organization created by the Treaty of Versailles after WWI to ensure world stability.
Article X- The part of the Treaty of Versailles that mandated the creation of the League of Nations.
Self-determination- The right of a people or a nation to decide on its own political allegiance or form of government without external influence.
Irreconcilables- Group of US Senators adamantly opposed to the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles.
Bolsheviks- Members of the communist movement in Russia who established the Soviet government after the Russian Revolution.
Mitchell Palmer- A member of the Democratic National Committee who supported the League of Nations.
Red Scare- Post-WWI public hysteria over Bolshevik influence in the US directed against labor activism, radical dissenters, and some ethnic groups.0
“Return to Normalcy”- A name given to the 1920 election, which was between Warren Harding and James Cox. It was a return to normalcy from the Progressive Age.
Questions
1. Roosevelt’s New Nationalism policy was all about letting the economy be free, so long as the larger companies did not take advantage of their power by raising prices to ridiculous levels. Wilson’s New Freedom policy was very adamant about making Americans free from trusts. Roosevelt’s policy makes more sense to me because if we truly are a free country, the government should use limited amounts of power on the economy, and those powers should be about protecting the common man and the working class in general.
2. Wilson could have stayed out of the war by staying completely neutral. That means basically ignoring the fact that the war was going on, by not sending supplies of any sort or supporting either side in any way. But overall, I think it was right to fight in the war, mainly because it does not seem that the Allies could have gone on to win without America. As nasty as the stagnations in trench warfare were, there was a little extra push required to help the Allies break through and defeat Germany.
3. The US was not neutral in the war, as they were supplying the Allies mainly with supplies, though also some to the Central Powers.
4. Wilson’s 14 Points were a presentation he gave to Congress that summarized the only way that the US could remain out of the war and peace could be restored. He addressed the causes of the war, the necessary border changes to ensure peace, and finally proposed the League of Nations.
5.
6. The world probably wouldn’t have been any different had the US agreed to Article X and accepted the Treaty of Versailles. Even with the US in the League of Nations, not much would have been accomplished as far as keeping the world peace and preventing World War II.
“Big Stick”- Teddy Roosevelt’s foreign policy. It stated that we should not meddle in foreign affairs, but to fight back should another country provoke us.
Panama Canal- A canal built in Panama in the early 1900s meant to decrease time spent on the ocean for ships traveling between the east and west coasts.
Roosevelt Corollary- Teddy Roosevelt’s policy asserting US authority to interfere in the affairs of Latin American nations.
Root-Takahira Agreement- An agreement between the US and Japan that they would respect the others’ possessions in Asia and the Pacific.
Open Door- American policy of seeking equal trade and investment opportunities in foreign nations or regions.
Dollar Diplomacy- Taft’s policy of gaining overseas attention using money.
United Fruit Company-
Victoriano Huerta- The President of Mexico following the revolt of poor people.
Venustiano Carranza- The President of Mexico (as recognized by Woodrow Wilson) following a US-provoked revolt in Mexico.
Pancho Villa- A bandit/freedom fighter of Mexico who murdered 16 Americans in Mexico in 1916.
Woodrow Wilson- The President of the US during WWI. He was pretty racist.
John Pershing- The American official sent to Mexico to capture Pancho Villa.
Militarism- The tendency to see military might as the most important and best tool for the expansion of a nation’s power and prestige.
Imperialism- Policy and practice of exploiting nations and people to benefit an imperial power either by military occupation or economic domination.
Franz Ferdinand- The archduke of the Austro-Hungarian empire whose murder was the spark for WWI.
Allies- In WWI, Britain, France, Russia, and other nations fighting against the Central Powers, not including the US. A.k.a. the Triple Entente
Central Powers- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey, and Italy.
Lusitania- The British ocean liner that was sunk in 1915. It was carrying about 150 American passengers.
Preparedness- Military preparation for possible US participation in WWI.
U-Boat- The name given to German WWI submarines.
Zimmerman Note- The telegram from Germany to Mexico that encouraged the Mexican invasion of America. Britain intercepted the note and published it, bringing America into the war.
Committee on Public Information- A committee formed by the government in an effort to gain support for WWI. It employed 75,000 men to give speeches in favor of the war.
Selective Service Act- The law establishing a military draft for WWI.
Dough Boys- A slang term for an American infantryman.
American Expeditionary Force- The US military force sent to Europe to fight in WWI.
Meuse-Argon Offensive-
War Industrial Board- Federal agency that reorganized industry for the maximization of efficiency and productivity during WWI.
George Creel- The head of the US Committee on Public Information during WWI.
Herbert Hoover- The winner of the election of 1928.
Food Administration- A creation of Woodrow Wilson. It was meant to create advertisements to promote saving food for the soldiers during WWI.
Liberty Bonds- Interest-bearing certificates sold by the US government to finance the WWI effort.
Espionage Act- Law whose vague prohibition against obstructing the nation’s war effort was used to crush criticism during WWI.
Women in Industry Service-
Flu Epidemic- An epidemic of influenza in America, killing more Americans than WWI.
Sedition Act- Broad law restricting criticism of America’s involvement in WWI or its government, flag, military, officials, or taxes.
Schenck v. United States- A case over whether or not a defendant possessed the First Amendment right to free speech when being drafted for WWI.
Great Migration- The mass movement of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North, spurred especially by new job opportunities during WWI.
“Big Four”- The representatives of the US, France, Britain, and Italy at the Paris Peace Conference. The US was represented by Woodrow Wilson, France was represented by Clemenceau, Italy was represented by Orlando, and Britain was represented by David Lloyd George.
Treaty of Versailles- Treaty ending WWI and creating the League of Nations.
14 Points- 14 goals delivered by President Wilson to Congress that aimed at peace. They included the causes of WWI, necessary boundary changes, and the creation of the League of Nations.
League of Nations- International organization created by the Treaty of Versailles after WWI to ensure world stability.
Article X- The part of the Treaty of Versailles that mandated the creation of the League of Nations.
Self-determination- The right of a people or a nation to decide on its own political allegiance or form of government without external influence.
Irreconcilables- Group of US Senators adamantly opposed to the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles.
Bolsheviks- Members of the communist movement in Russia who established the Soviet government after the Russian Revolution.
Mitchell Palmer- A member of the Democratic National Committee who supported the League of Nations.
Red Scare- Post-WWI public hysteria over Bolshevik influence in the US directed against labor activism, radical dissenters, and some ethnic groups.0
“Return to Normalcy”- A name given to the 1920 election, which was between Warren Harding and James Cox. It was a return to normalcy from the Progressive Age.
Questions
1. Roosevelt’s New Nationalism policy was all about letting the economy be free, so long as the larger companies did not take advantage of their power by raising prices to ridiculous levels. Wilson’s New Freedom policy was very adamant about making Americans free from trusts. Roosevelt’s policy makes more sense to me because if we truly are a free country, the government should use limited amounts of power on the economy, and those powers should be about protecting the common man and the working class in general.
2. Wilson could have stayed out of the war by staying completely neutral. That means basically ignoring the fact that the war was going on, by not sending supplies of any sort or supporting either side in any way. But overall, I think it was right to fight in the war, mainly because it does not seem that the Allies could have gone on to win without America. As nasty as the stagnations in trench warfare were, there was a little extra push required to help the Allies break through and defeat Germany.
3. The US was not neutral in the war, as they were supplying the Allies mainly with supplies, though also some to the Central Powers.
4. Wilson’s 14 Points were a presentation he gave to Congress that summarized the only way that the US could remain out of the war and peace could be restored. He addressed the causes of the war, the necessary border changes to ensure peace, and finally proposed the League of Nations.
5.
6. The world probably wouldn’t have been any different had the US agreed to Article X and accepted the Treaty of Versailles. Even with the US in the League of Nations, not much would have been accomplished as far as keeping the world peace and preventing World War II.