Terms
Jane Addams- Founder of the Hull House.
Hull House- A place for assisting women and poor people. It offered instruction in English, counseling for new immigrants, child care for working mothers, and cultural activities.
Florence Kelley- Led movements supporting the abolishment of child labor, legislation protecting women workers, and establishing minimum wage laws.
Progressive Era- An era meant for the advancement of American society.
Prohibition- A system where alcohol is totally prohibited.
Robert La Follette- A progressive leader, he was a governor of Wisconsin. He claimed the main role of the government was to protect the people from “selfish claims”.
Initiative- The belief that legislation should be directly proposed by voters.
Referendum- The belief that laws should be placed on ballots so that they can finally be approved by voters.
Recall- The belief that elected officials should be removed if it is voted so.
Muckraking- The practice of telling scandalous stories, usually about trusts, which offered many problems, but few solutions.
Jacob Riis- The author of How the Other Half Lives.
How the Other Half Lives- A book written by Riis depicting the harshness of the life of the poor.
McClure’s- One of the very popular muckraking magazines of the time.
Lincoln Steffens- The author of The Shame of the Cities, which chronicled urban political consumption.
Ida Tarbell- The author of The History of the Standard Oil Company. It told the story of how John D. Rockefeller achieved a monopoly in refining, transporting, and marketing oil.
Upton Sinclair- The author who wrote The Jungle.
The Jungle- A book depicting the horrors that were contained inside the Chicago stockyards. It was a critique of capitalism, therefore designating it as muckraking. It influenced many acts calling for the inspection of meat and other foods by the FDA.
Lester Frank Ward- A believer in “dynamic sociology”, which says that society can minimize or even eliminate poverty with simple intervention.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.- A believer that the law must take changing social conditions into account, and that courts should take care not to invalidate social legislation which was enacted democratically.
Lochner v. New York- A case which ruled that no state can take away property or anything else without the due process of law. It also prohibited bakers from working more than 10 hours a day, or 60 hours a week.
Muller v. Oregon- A case which ruled that women had to be protected in the workplace, and limited women’s working hours. Overall, it protected women’s health.
Anti-Saloon League- A group of mostly women who were strongly opposed to the sale of alcohol.
“The Social Evil”- Another name for Prostitution.
“Nickelodeon”- The first movie theaters where moviegoers paid a nickel to see a film.
Barrios-
Triangle Shirtwaist Company- A New York textile company where a fire occurred. 146 died due to the doors being locked and there being no way to escape.
Wobblies- Popular name for the members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
“Bohemian”- A person who lives an unconventional, artistic life.
Margaret Sanger- One of the first popular birth control activists.
Up From Slavery- The autobiography of Booker T. Washington, who was born a slave but went on to found the Tuskegee Institute.
The Souls of Black Folk- A collection of essays on race by W.E.B. Du Bois.
Niagara Movement- A civil rights organization founded in 1905 by W.E.B. Du Bois and William Trotter. It later became the NAACP.
Theodore Roosevelt- One of the best presidents in American history, he believed in the “Big Stick” Policy.
NAACP- The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
Northern Securities v. US- A case dealing with a large railroad trust being sued by President Teddy Roosevelt with the Antitrust Act.
Hepburn Act- Act that strengthened the ICC by authorizing it to set maximum railroad rates and inspect financial records.
Food and Drug Act- Act that established the FDA, which tested and approved drugs before they went on the market.
John Muir- One of the first modern preservationists, he wrote essays about the environment and nature, especially the Sierra Nevada mountains in California.
Election of 1912-
New Freedom- Woodrow Wilson’s 1912 program for limited government intervention in the economy in order to restore competition.
16th Amendment- Authorized a federal income tax.
Federal Reserve Act- 1913 law that revised banking and currency by extending limited government regulation through the creation of the Federal Reserve System.
Clayton Antitrust Act- Replaced the old Sherman Act of 1890 as the nation’s basic antitrust law.
FTC- Government agency established in 1914 to provide regulatory oversight of business activity.
Woodrow Wilson- A racist president, he led the US through World War I.
Keating-Owen Act- An act that attempted to protect child labor by outlawing the interstate commerce of goods produced by children.
Underwood-Simmons Act- Reform law that lowered tariff rates and levied the first regular federal income tax.
Questions
The three basic underlying attitudes of the Progressive Movement were improvement, democracy, and muckraking. The Progressive Movement was all about improving the way people lived, meaning cleaning up the food (“The Jungle” and the Chicago stockyards) and stopping the flow of alcohol through the country by making certain areas dry. It was about democracy as seen by the belief in referendum, initiative, and recall. This put the laws enforced by the government, as well as the fate of the government officials, in the hands of the voters. Finally, muckraking became a large phenomenon as not only were tabloids becoming popular, but also authors wrote books that were considered muckraking for their content about the lowest points of society.
The Progressive Movement was a time when women changed their roles in society forever. For example, Jane Addams founded the Hull House, which was a major source of education for women and recent immigrants alike. Also, Florence Kelley led movements fighting for the rights of usually neglected groups of citizens, such as children. Overall, this participation expanded the woman’s role in society by making them less and less viewed as subordinate to men, as they had been prior to this time. They were more viewed as independent.
If I had to pick, I would say Teddy Roosevelt was more of a liberal than a radical, conservative, or moderate. I say this because of his Big Stick policy. It basically stated that the country and government should stay out of foreign and internal domestic affairs, but if necessary should be prepared to use force. This “Laissez-Faire” policy is very common among Liberals.
The muckrakers showed the best and worst of the freedom of the press in America because while they showed the best of it by posting stories unrestrictedly as their rights allow them to, they were only telling of the bad things and of the problems, and not offering any solutions.
Jane Addams- Founder of the Hull House.
Hull House- A place for assisting women and poor people. It offered instruction in English, counseling for new immigrants, child care for working mothers, and cultural activities.
Florence Kelley- Led movements supporting the abolishment of child labor, legislation protecting women workers, and establishing minimum wage laws.
Progressive Era- An era meant for the advancement of American society.
Prohibition- A system where alcohol is totally prohibited.
Robert La Follette- A progressive leader, he was a governor of Wisconsin. He claimed the main role of the government was to protect the people from “selfish claims”.
Initiative- The belief that legislation should be directly proposed by voters.
Referendum- The belief that laws should be placed on ballots so that they can finally be approved by voters.
Recall- The belief that elected officials should be removed if it is voted so.
Muckraking- The practice of telling scandalous stories, usually about trusts, which offered many problems, but few solutions.
Jacob Riis- The author of How the Other Half Lives.
How the Other Half Lives- A book written by Riis depicting the harshness of the life of the poor.
McClure’s- One of the very popular muckraking magazines of the time.
Lincoln Steffens- The author of The Shame of the Cities, which chronicled urban political consumption.
Ida Tarbell- The author of The History of the Standard Oil Company. It told the story of how John D. Rockefeller achieved a monopoly in refining, transporting, and marketing oil.
Upton Sinclair- The author who wrote The Jungle.
The Jungle- A book depicting the horrors that were contained inside the Chicago stockyards. It was a critique of capitalism, therefore designating it as muckraking. It influenced many acts calling for the inspection of meat and other foods by the FDA.
Lester Frank Ward- A believer in “dynamic sociology”, which says that society can minimize or even eliminate poverty with simple intervention.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.- A believer that the law must take changing social conditions into account, and that courts should take care not to invalidate social legislation which was enacted democratically.
Lochner v. New York- A case which ruled that no state can take away property or anything else without the due process of law. It also prohibited bakers from working more than 10 hours a day, or 60 hours a week.
Muller v. Oregon- A case which ruled that women had to be protected in the workplace, and limited women’s working hours. Overall, it protected women’s health.
Anti-Saloon League- A group of mostly women who were strongly opposed to the sale of alcohol.
“The Social Evil”- Another name for Prostitution.
“Nickelodeon”- The first movie theaters where moviegoers paid a nickel to see a film.
Barrios-
Triangle Shirtwaist Company- A New York textile company where a fire occurred. 146 died due to the doors being locked and there being no way to escape.
Wobblies- Popular name for the members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).
“Bohemian”- A person who lives an unconventional, artistic life.
Margaret Sanger- One of the first popular birth control activists.
Up From Slavery- The autobiography of Booker T. Washington, who was born a slave but went on to found the Tuskegee Institute.
The Souls of Black Folk- A collection of essays on race by W.E.B. Du Bois.
Niagara Movement- A civil rights organization founded in 1905 by W.E.B. Du Bois and William Trotter. It later became the NAACP.
Theodore Roosevelt- One of the best presidents in American history, he believed in the “Big Stick” Policy.
NAACP- The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
Northern Securities v. US- A case dealing with a large railroad trust being sued by President Teddy Roosevelt with the Antitrust Act.
Hepburn Act- Act that strengthened the ICC by authorizing it to set maximum railroad rates and inspect financial records.
Food and Drug Act- Act that established the FDA, which tested and approved drugs before they went on the market.
John Muir- One of the first modern preservationists, he wrote essays about the environment and nature, especially the Sierra Nevada mountains in California.
Election of 1912-
New Freedom- Woodrow Wilson’s 1912 program for limited government intervention in the economy in order to restore competition.
16th Amendment- Authorized a federal income tax.
Federal Reserve Act- 1913 law that revised banking and currency by extending limited government regulation through the creation of the Federal Reserve System.
Clayton Antitrust Act- Replaced the old Sherman Act of 1890 as the nation’s basic antitrust law.
FTC- Government agency established in 1914 to provide regulatory oversight of business activity.
Woodrow Wilson- A racist president, he led the US through World War I.
Keating-Owen Act- An act that attempted to protect child labor by outlawing the interstate commerce of goods produced by children.
Underwood-Simmons Act- Reform law that lowered tariff rates and levied the first regular federal income tax.
Questions
The three basic underlying attitudes of the Progressive Movement were improvement, democracy, and muckraking. The Progressive Movement was all about improving the way people lived, meaning cleaning up the food (“The Jungle” and the Chicago stockyards) and stopping the flow of alcohol through the country by making certain areas dry. It was about democracy as seen by the belief in referendum, initiative, and recall. This put the laws enforced by the government, as well as the fate of the government officials, in the hands of the voters. Finally, muckraking became a large phenomenon as not only were tabloids becoming popular, but also authors wrote books that were considered muckraking for their content about the lowest points of society.
The Progressive Movement was a time when women changed their roles in society forever. For example, Jane Addams founded the Hull House, which was a major source of education for women and recent immigrants alike. Also, Florence Kelley led movements fighting for the rights of usually neglected groups of citizens, such as children. Overall, this participation expanded the woman’s role in society by making them less and less viewed as subordinate to men, as they had been prior to this time. They were more viewed as independent.
If I had to pick, I would say Teddy Roosevelt was more of a liberal than a radical, conservative, or moderate. I say this because of his Big Stick policy. It basically stated that the country and government should stay out of foreign and internal domestic affairs, but if necessary should be prepared to use force. This “Laissez-Faire” policy is very common among Liberals.
The muckrakers showed the best and worst of the freedom of the press in America because while they showed the best of it by posting stories unrestrictedly as their rights allow them to, they were only telling of the bad things and of the problems, and not offering any solutions.