Terms
Workingmen’s Party- A party of urban workers in Philadelphia, New York, and Boston that was formed to protest changing working conditions.
Shakers- Followers of “Mother” Ann Lee who preached a strict religion of celibacy and communal living.
National Trades Union-
Oneida- A utopian society that was sexually free, as the group was seen internally as one big family. Rather than celibacy, the members practiced “complex marriage”.
Tammany- Affiliated with the Democratic Party; it reached voters with mob-mentality type rallies and parades.
New Harmony-
Political Machine/Political Boss- Leaders of political organizations. The organizations could have been for a neighborhood or for a whole city.
Joseph Smith- The founder of the Mormon church. He claimed to have received the Doctrine for the church from an angel in a vision.
Charles Finney- The president of the antislavery Oberlin College in northern Ohio.
Mormonism- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, which was based on the book of Mormon.
Lyman Beecher- An anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant who was a strong promoter of Sabbatarianism.
Brigham Young- A Mormon leader who took the community of Mormons to the Great Salt Lake in Utah.
Horace Mann- An educational reformer who was on the Massachusetts Board of Education. He said that children needed a friendly environment to learn, and children should be grouped by age.
American Colonization Society- Organization founded in 1817 by antislavery reformers calling for the gradual emancipation of slaves and the removal of free blacks to Africa.
Temperance Movement- A reform movement in the 1820’s looking to stop the consumption of alcohol.
David Walker- Author of “Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World”, which stated that America’s success was largely due to blacks, and therefore the country should belong more to blacks.
Dorothea Dix- A reformer in the area of medical treatment who visited asylums and released a report describing the terrible treatment that was being distributed there.
William L. Garrison- The publisher of “The Liberator”. It was published January 1st, 1831.
Seneca Falls Convention- 1st Convention for women’s equality in legal rights, held in upstate New York in 1848.
Frederick Douglass- An escaped slave who lectured for a political end to slavery, though most abolitionists saw war as the most reasonable price for emancipation.
Declaration of Sentiments- Resolutions passed at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 calling for full female equality, including suffrage.
Liberty Party- The first antislavery political party, founded in 1840. Later became known as the Republican Party.
Grimke Sisters- The first female public speakers in the US. They spoke out for women’s rights and spoke against slavery. They were criticized by many for “stepping out of a woman’s role”.
Walt Whitman- A poet, the author of “Leaves of Grass”.
Edgar Allen Poe- A poet, the inventor of the modern detective model. He had a morbid fascination with urban violence, and his works tended to include the struggle between good and evil. His works include The Raven, The Murderers in the Rue Morgue, and The Pit and the Pendulum.
Sabbatarianism- A reform movement that tried to prevent business from occurring on Sundays.
Theodore Weld- The author of the American pamphlet “American Slavery as it Is”. It gave a description with graphic detail of the abuses of slavery.
Questions
1) The growth of cities was caused by mass immigration and increased industry. Cities mainly grew in the northeast. This rapid growth caused sanitation problems and overcrowding.
2) There was a rise in this activism in the 1820s and 1830s because the working conditions were becoming very demanding. This didn’t occur sooner because the demand for labor and products was never as high before. The workers looked to keep their jobs, but go to a shorter work day and improve conditions they were working under.
3) Middle class Americans began pushing for these reforms because they felt like those improvements would greatly improve society as a whole. The targets of the reforms didn’t want to see the reforms happen.
4) The 1830s saw a rise in the utopian movements because the people of the era had a desire for a utopian life, and these movements made them think that they had one. They were not very successful because they faced much violence and discrimination. The Mormons succeeded because they traveled far away from their opposers and started their own town.
5) The abolition movement really took off in the 1830s because the masses were getting to see what was really happening in slavery, and how cruel the masters’ treatments were. This is different from previous methods that attacked slavery because previous movements didn’t describe the treatments in slavery. Initially it was not very successful because nobody believed that what they were hearing was true. Its chief tactics were basically to give as gruesome accounts of the harshness of slavery as possible.
6) The connection between the two movements was that both were based around people gaining their rights as Americans.
Workingmen’s Party- A party of urban workers in Philadelphia, New York, and Boston that was formed to protest changing working conditions.
Shakers- Followers of “Mother” Ann Lee who preached a strict religion of celibacy and communal living.
National Trades Union-
Oneida- A utopian society that was sexually free, as the group was seen internally as one big family. Rather than celibacy, the members practiced “complex marriage”.
Tammany- Affiliated with the Democratic Party; it reached voters with mob-mentality type rallies and parades.
New Harmony-
Political Machine/Political Boss- Leaders of political organizations. The organizations could have been for a neighborhood or for a whole city.
Joseph Smith- The founder of the Mormon church. He claimed to have received the Doctrine for the church from an angel in a vision.
Charles Finney- The president of the antislavery Oberlin College in northern Ohio.
Mormonism- The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, which was based on the book of Mormon.
Lyman Beecher- An anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant who was a strong promoter of Sabbatarianism.
Brigham Young- A Mormon leader who took the community of Mormons to the Great Salt Lake in Utah.
Horace Mann- An educational reformer who was on the Massachusetts Board of Education. He said that children needed a friendly environment to learn, and children should be grouped by age.
American Colonization Society- Organization founded in 1817 by antislavery reformers calling for the gradual emancipation of slaves and the removal of free blacks to Africa.
Temperance Movement- A reform movement in the 1820’s looking to stop the consumption of alcohol.
David Walker- Author of “Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World”, which stated that America’s success was largely due to blacks, and therefore the country should belong more to blacks.
Dorothea Dix- A reformer in the area of medical treatment who visited asylums and released a report describing the terrible treatment that was being distributed there.
William L. Garrison- The publisher of “The Liberator”. It was published January 1st, 1831.
Seneca Falls Convention- 1st Convention for women’s equality in legal rights, held in upstate New York in 1848.
Frederick Douglass- An escaped slave who lectured for a political end to slavery, though most abolitionists saw war as the most reasonable price for emancipation.
Declaration of Sentiments- Resolutions passed at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848 calling for full female equality, including suffrage.
Liberty Party- The first antislavery political party, founded in 1840. Later became known as the Republican Party.
Grimke Sisters- The first female public speakers in the US. They spoke out for women’s rights and spoke against slavery. They were criticized by many for “stepping out of a woman’s role”.
Walt Whitman- A poet, the author of “Leaves of Grass”.
Edgar Allen Poe- A poet, the inventor of the modern detective model. He had a morbid fascination with urban violence, and his works tended to include the struggle between good and evil. His works include The Raven, The Murderers in the Rue Morgue, and The Pit and the Pendulum.
Sabbatarianism- A reform movement that tried to prevent business from occurring on Sundays.
Theodore Weld- The author of the American pamphlet “American Slavery as it Is”. It gave a description with graphic detail of the abuses of slavery.
Questions
1) The growth of cities was caused by mass immigration and increased industry. Cities mainly grew in the northeast. This rapid growth caused sanitation problems and overcrowding.
2) There was a rise in this activism in the 1820s and 1830s because the working conditions were becoming very demanding. This didn’t occur sooner because the demand for labor and products was never as high before. The workers looked to keep their jobs, but go to a shorter work day and improve conditions they were working under.
3) Middle class Americans began pushing for these reforms because they felt like those improvements would greatly improve society as a whole. The targets of the reforms didn’t want to see the reforms happen.
4) The 1830s saw a rise in the utopian movements because the people of the era had a desire for a utopian life, and these movements made them think that they had one. They were not very successful because they faced much violence and discrimination. The Mormons succeeded because they traveled far away from their opposers and started their own town.
5) The abolition movement really took off in the 1830s because the masses were getting to see what was really happening in slavery, and how cruel the masters’ treatments were. This is different from previous methods that attacked slavery because previous movements didn’t describe the treatments in slavery. Initially it was not very successful because nobody believed that what they were hearing was true. Its chief tactics were basically to give as gruesome accounts of the harshness of slavery as possible.
6) The connection between the two movements was that both were based around people gaining their rights as Americans.